Despite the malaria vaccine's clear public health benefits, bringing RTS,S to communities in need comes with important operational challenges, the most important being a four-dose schedule requiring new vaccination visits.

Despite the need for additional visits that fall outside the traditional childhood vaccination schedule, a qualitative study led by PATH in the malaria vaccine pilot countries demonstrated high community demand for RTS,S and showed that trust in the vaccine grew as caregivers perceived benefits to their children.

The longitudinal Healthcare Utilization Study (HUS), conducted in collaboration with research consortia in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi, ran alongside pilot implementation of the malaria vaccine in the three countries.